Triandis definition of culture Essays

Triandis definition of culture Essays Triandis definition of culture Paper Triandis definition of culture Paper Culture, in sociology and social anthropology, is the beliefs, behavior, language, and entire way of life of a particular group of people at a particular time. Culture includes customs, ceremonies, works of art, inventions, technology, and traditions. Triandis definition of Culture: 1Culture is a set of human-made objective and subjective elements that in the past have increased the probability of survival and resulted in satisfaction for the participants in an ecological niche, and thus became shared among those who could communicate with each other because they had a common language and they lived in the same time and place. 1 2British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor defines culture as that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. Many other definitions of culture have been offered, but by and large all refer to shared systems of values and behavior. 2 All human brings create culture, it is a pattern of ways of responding to basic needs such as food, shelter, clothing family, organization, religion, government and social structures. Each culture posses its own particular traditions, value and ideals. Judgment of what is wrong right or wrong, good or bad, acceptable or taboo are based on cultural values. Culture is the result of all the daily discussions and negotiations between people. They are frequently agreeing (sometimes openly, usually tacitly) about the proper way to do things and how to make meanings about the events of the world around them. If you want to change a culture you have to change all these conversations-or at least the majority of them. Sources: 1 olemiss. edu/courses/psy561/lect0_files/frame. htm 2 Culture Defined, Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2000. 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. 3People learn culture. Many qualities of human life are transmitted geneticallyan infants desire for food, for example, is triggered by physiological characteristics determined within the human genetic code. An adults specific desire for milk and cereal in the morning, on the other hand, cannot be explained genetically; rather, it is a learned (cultural) response to morning hunger. Culture, as a body of learned behaviors common to a given human society, acts rather like a template (ie. it has predictable form and content), shaping behavior and consciousness within a human society from generation to generation. So culture resides in all learned behavior and in some shaping template or consciousness prior to behavior as well (that is, a cultural template can be in place prior to the birth of an individual person). 3 4According to the American Heritage English Dictionary, the definition of culture is: The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought. 4 Status: 5Status is a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others. status can be formal as well as informal. Formal statuses are those given in form of a designation for example in an organization such as manager. Informal will include those, which exists outside the organization or even within but less important than the formal one. 5 Sources: 3 wsu. edu:8001/vcwsu/commons/topics/culture/culture-definition. html 4 wsu. edu:8001/vcwsu/commons/topics/culture/glossary/culture. html 5Stephen P Robbins, Organizational Behavior, 7th edition. Five Different Cultural Approaches. Universalism vs. Particularism. Universalists are more rule based and particularists are relationship based. In paritcularists approach more attention and importance is given to relationships. People in Universalists culture believe that general rules, codes, values and standards take are more important than particular needs and claims of friends and relations. Particularistic cultures see the ideal culture in terms of friendly relationships. They focus more on relationships. Individualism vs. Collectivism. In individualistic culture people place the individual before the society. They are expected to make decisions by themselves. In a particularistic culture, the quality of life for all members of society is seen as directly reliant on opportunities for individual freedom and development. The community is judged by the extent to which it serves the interest of individual members. In a collectivist culture people place the community before the individual. In collectivist culture people are expected to act in such a way that it serves the society. The individual is judged by the extent to which he serves the interest of the society. Achievement vs. Ascription. Achievement means people are judged on what they have recently achieved or accomplished. Ascription means that status is attributed to you by things like birth, kinship, gender, age, interpersonal connections, or educational record. Achieved status refers to doing, ascribed status refers to being. Achievement-oriented societies or organizations justify their hierarchies by claiming that senior people have achieved more. In ascription-oriented cultures, however, hierarchies are justified by power-to-get-things-done. Neutral vs. Emotional.

Racial Formation - Definition and Overview

Racial Formation - Definition and Overview Racial formation is the process, resulting from the interplay between social structure and everyday life, through which the meaning of race and racial categories are agreed upon and argued over. The concept comes form racial formation theory, a sociological theory  that focuses on the connections between how race shapes and is shaped by  social structure, and how racial categories are represented and given meaning in imagery, media, language, ideas, and everyday common sense. Racial formation theory frames the meaning of race as rooted in context and history, and thus as something that changes over time. Omi and Winants Racial Formation Theory In their book Racial Formation in the United States,  sociologists Michael Omi and Howard Winant define racial formation as â€Å"...the sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed,† and explain that this process is accomplished by â€Å"historically situated projects in which human bodies and social structures are represented and organized.† â€Å"Projects,† here, refers to a representation of race that situates it in social structure. A racial project can take the form of common sense assumptions about racial groups, about whether or not race is significant in today’s society, or narratives and images that depict race and racial categories through mass media, for example. These situate race within social structure by, for instance, justifying why some people have less wealth or make more money than others on the basis of race, or, by pointing out that racism is alive and well, and that it impact s people’s experiences in society. Thus, Omi and Winant see the process of racial formation as directly and deeply connected to how â€Å"society is organized and ruled.† In this sense, race and the process of racial formation have important political and economic implications. Racial Formation is Composed of Racial Projects Central to their theory is the fact that race is used to signify differences amongst people, via racial projects, and that how these differences are signified connects to the organization of society. In the context of the U.S. society, the concept of race is used to signify physical differences amongst people but is also used to signify actual and perceived cultural, economic, and behavioral differences. By framing racial formation this way, Omi and Winant illustrate that because the way we understand, describe, and represent race is connected to how society is organized, then even our common sense understandings of race can have real and significant political and economic consequences for things like access to rights and resources.Their theory frames the relationship between racial projects and social structure as dialectical, meaning that the relationship between the two goes in both directions, and that change in one necessarily causes change in  the other. So, the outcomes of a racialized social structure- differentials in wealth, income, and assets on the basis of race, for example- shape what we believe to be true about racial categories. We then use race as a sort of shorthand to provide a set of assumptions about a person, which in turn shapes our expectations for a person’s behavior, beliefs, worldviews, and even intelligence. The ideas we develop about race then act back on the social structure in various political and economic ways. While some racial projects might be benign, progressive, or anti-racist, many are racist. Racial projects which represent certain racial groups as less than or deviant impact the structure of society by excluding some from employment opportunities, political office, educational opportunities, and subject some to police harassment, and  higher rates of arrest, conviction, and incarceration. The Changeable Nature of Race Because the ever-unfolding process of racial formation is one carried out by racial projects, Omi and Winant point out that we all exist among and within them, and they inside of us. This means that we are constantly experiencing the ideological force of race in our everyday lives, and what we do and think in our everyday lives has an impact on social structure. This also means that we as individuals have the power to change the racialized social structure and eradicate racism by changing the way we represent, think about, talk about, and act in response to race.

Corporate Finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Corporate Finance - Research Paper Example Total numbers of shares are taken as follows: = Year end $ value / $10 of face value Working: = Total Earnings/ No. of shares = 441,000 / 31,800 = 13.86 approximately $14 Earnings per share = $ 14 Considering a 50% payout ratio, the dividend would be $7 The reasonable estimate of the 50% of the shares therefore would be: = 31800 x 50% = 15900 Estimate = 15900 x 86.95 Total Best Estimate = $ 1,382,505 Q#2 Market Structure and trading conditions The total market of the Polishing and other allied products are over $4.5Billion. The market is largely fragmented with many small to medium players serving different niches of their target market. Essentially, the market is distributed into three distinct categories based on product classification. Carlton falls under the category of Chemical suppliers supplying chemicals to independent distributors who then sell to the end users. The fragmentation of the market is also due to low barriers to entry due to low cost of production involved. Since, the market is typically divided into two broader classes of chemical supplies and cleaning machinery therefore the overall cost of producing is low. This is also reflected from the fact that the gross margin of Carlton is 44% suggesting that the cost of producing the finished goods is relatively low. However, net margin within this industry is relatively low mainly due to high marketing costs involved. It has been the industry practice that distributors once acquired are hard to replaced therefore it require higher resources and persuasion to list a distributor serving the competitors. Most of the costs, therefore, are incurred in marketing overheads therefore the overall net margins are low in industry as most... The fragmentation of the market is also due to low barriers to entry due to low cost of production involved. Since, the market is typically divided into two broader classes of chemical supplies and cleaning machinery therefore the overall cost of producing is low. This is also reflected from the fact that the gross margin of Carlton is 44% suggesting that the cost of producing the finished goods is relatively low. However, net margin within this industry is relatively low mainly due to high marketing costs involved. It has been the industry practice that distributors once acquired are hard to replaced therefore it require higher resources and persuasion to list a distributor serving the competitors. Most of the costs, therefore, are incurred in marketing overheads therefore the overall net margins are low in industry as most of the key players have negative growth rates in terms of their net income. Overall the market is competitive with no clear market leadership however; different players serve their target markets with moderate success due to long established business and consumer relationships strengthened due to delivering high end services. Historically, Co has profitable with consistent growth rates achieved in both revenue as well as profitability.

Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evolution - Essay Example The Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics put forward by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1809 states that modifications acquired during one’s lifetime are inherited by the next generation. â€Å"Ex. giraffes acquired a long neck slowly over time as each generation of giraffe stretched its neck slightly longer in trying to reach leaves high in trees† (Principles of Evolution, n. d). Lamarck’s theory seems to be in agreement with the Darwinian Theory which states that evolution produces life forms adapted to their environments. However, Lamarck argued that the organism itself can control the direction of change whereas Darwin did not agree with that postulate. â€Å"For a long time it was mistakenly thought that evolution was a simple linear progression, with humankind at the top of the ladder. We now understand that evolution proceeds with species on one branch giving rise to other branches and so on† (What is evolution?, n. d). We have lot of animals in this world which like the leaves in big trees. For example, elephants, cattle etc like the leaves of some big trees. However, these animals do not have such a big neck like the giraffes. These animals also should have tried a lot in the past to reach out the higher branches of the trees. But they never got their neck extended just like giraffes.

Race and Diversity Issues at The Grammys

Race and Diversity Issues at The Grammys Diversity in The Grammys: The Absence of African-American Winners Abstract The Grammys are an award show that was created by The Recording Academy, which is a U.S. organization of musicians, producers, recording engineers, and other recording professionals. The awards provide a Grammy, or originally called Gramophone Award that recognizes outstanding achievement in mainly English-language music industry. The very first Grammys held its first ceremony on May 4, 1959. The annual presentation features live performances by some of the most noticeable artists, and the presenting of the awards that have even more of a popular interest. The Grammys shares recognition of the music industry alongside other performance award shows such as the Academy Awards, the Tony Awards, and the Emmy Awards. The representation of minorities in The Grammys, mainly African-Americans has stayed at a certain level of portrayal since the Award show’s debut in 1959. The Grammys have attempted to add some diversity to them by adding more minorities to their nominations lists and giving awards to artist that deserve them. The purpose of this study is to discuss whether or not the representation of minorities is being undermined by The Grammys trying to feed into the masses and upkeep their reputation. The time span of this focus is from 2014 to 2017, but I will also include background research to further support my findings. Previous winners of Grammy awards will be quoted in order to show the disconnection from what people think a Grammy is and what actual artists see them as. In 1958, rock ‘n’ roll made a big explosion onto the scene of music, alarming a group of executives along the way. The executives were conflicted as to whether to recognize â€Å"good† music or to recognize rock ‘n’ roll for its eruption into the music industry. The higher ups took it upon themselves to set a standard in the music industry. Since the very beginning, The Grammys have been at a difference with not only rock but almost every other genre of music. From R&B to street-bred music, and rap. The first ever award for rock music was not given out until 1961. Some of the best recordings have often failed to win a Grammy in the first forty years of Grammy history. Over the years, The Grammys have been criticized by many artists and music journalists because the musicians feel that the Grammys generally award or nominate more commercialized albums rather than those that are critically successful. In 1996, when American rock band Pearl Jam won a Grammy for â€Å"Best Hard Rock Performance†, the band’s lead singer Eddie Vedder went on stage to say â€Å"I don’t know what this means. I don’t think it means anything.† (Vedder, 2008). This goes to show how little some artist think of being awarded a Grammy for their accomplishments. Glen Hansard, leader of the Irish rock group The Frames, commented in 2008 that he believes the Grammys represent nothing inside of the real world of music (Hansard, 2008). Instead, it is completely industry based. Another quotable statement that can be applied to this situation comes from lead singer of metal band â€Å"Tool†, James Keenan. He says â€Å"I think the Grammys are nothing more than some gigantic promotional machine for the music industry. They cater to a low intellect and they feed the masses. They don’t honor the arts or the artist for what he created. It’s the music business celebrating itself. That’s basically what it’s all about (Maynard, 2012). Artists such as Frank Ocean, Drake and Kanye West spoke out about skipping this year’s Grammy Awards to protest their lack of diversity amongst it’s nominees. Drake was reported saying The Grammys do not fairly represent black or younger artists. From less of a statistical side, Kanye West has received 21 Grammys but has never won one while up against a white singer. American singer and songwriter Frank Ocean did not even bother to submit his albums from the following year because to him â€Å"It [The Grammys] just doesn’t seem to be representing very well for people who come from where I come from, and hold down what I hold down (Ocean, 2017). Another case of a diversity issue with The Grammys concerns the likes of Macklemore. In 2014, Macklemore swept a Grammy from Hip-Hop artist Kendrick Lamar. Rolling Stone believes the music industry went as far to recruit Kidz Bop to boost Macklemore exposure to as a plan to dethrone Hip-Hop artist of the year, Kendrick Lamar. Both â€Å"The Heist† and â€Å"Good Kid, M.A.A.D City† were nominated for Best Album of the Year in 2014. Both albums received positive reviews from critics, but Kendrick Lamar received a 91 on Metacritic whereas Macklemore only received a 74. Once again, both albums debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 chart, with Macklemore selling seventy-eight thousand copies and Kendrick Lamar selling two hundred and forty-two thousand copies. By the RIAA’s standards â€Å"The Heist† was recognized as reaching Gold status, with over five hundred thousand copies sold on April 3, 2013. On August 21, 2013, â€Å"Good Kid, M.A.A.D City† was certified Platinum by shipping and selling one million copies in the United States. On December 9th, 2014, American rapper J. Cole released his third studio album â€Å"2014 Forest Hills Drive†. On this album, he has a song called â€Å"Fire Squad† where he talks about the popularity or mainstream music and white privilege. On the record, J. Cole says â€Å"History repeats itself and that’s just how it goesSame way that these rappers always bite each others flowsSame thing that my n**** Elvis dd=id with Rock ‘n’ RollJustin Timberlake, Eminem and thenMacklemoreWhile silly n**** argue over who gon’ snatch the crownLook around, my n****, white people have snatched the soundThis year I’ll prolly go to the awards dappered downWatch Iggy win a Grammy as I try to crack a smile† This song is his attempt to restore the balance in Hip-Hop as he talks about white privilege and white appropriation of the culture. More specifically the Macklemore-Kendrick Lamar Grammy snub and Iggy Azalea’s new found popularity. The longstanding exclusion of black talent from award shows such as the Oscars and the Grammys forces the age-old question: Why? Both of these organizations are handled on a voting system made up of a certain team of members. Knowing this information makes the average person interested in music or even the Grammys want to know who the real culprit is pulling all the strings. With ongoing backlash, the Grammys have attempted to straighten up their acts with â€Å"dramatic steps† to diversify its nominations and present a more accurate reflection of the industry itself. Earlier this year, at the 59th Grammy Awards there was an outcry concerning who should have won Album of the year. This outcry sparked the big debacle as to if The Grammys have an issue in diversity with the winners of their awards. The nominees list consisted of Adele, Beyoncà ©, Justin Bieber, Drake, and Sturgill Simpson. The winner of the award turned out to be Adele for her album â€Å"25†. This was a shock to everyone, including Adele herself. This rubbed some of the fans the wrong way considering this was the eighth year since a non-white artist took home the event’s biggest award. The very next day the new hashtag on Twitter was titled â€Å"#grammyssowhite†. At soon as this hashtag got out, storied were popping up questioning the diversity of the voters for the awards. In 2017, Adele winning over Beyoncà © was not the only Grammy snub. It was just the biggest one of the night. Barbadian singer Rihanna was nominated for eight awards off of the strength of her eighth album â€Å"ANTI†. â€Å"ANTI† at the time was certified 2x platinum by the RIAA, it peaked at number 1 on the Billboard 200 and spent 33 weeks in the top 10.   Sadly, she walked away not winning a single one out of eight nominations. Rihanna’s biggest upset was not winning the award for Best Pop Duo/group with their smash hit â€Å"Work†, which sold more than 1.7 million copies in the United States alone. She lost out to 21 Pilots for their song â€Å"Stressed Out†. Fuse wrote an article saying that they believe The Committee for The Grammys are just continuing to use black women in pop to raise their own ratings without giving them the recognitions or respect they deserve within the mainly white categories. Works Cited (n.d.). Retrieved September 08, 2017, from https://web.archive.org/web/20070123082736/http://www.nyrock.com/interviews/2002/tool_int.asp Travers, P. (2008, February 08). Grammy & The Movies. Retrieved September 08, 2017, from https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/grammy-the-movies-20080208 Times, L. A. (2008, February 06). Glen Hansard, Eddie Vedder crash Grammy Awards. Retrieved September 08, 2017, from https://web.archive.org/web.20130221000127/http://theenvelope.latimes.com/columnists/contenderqa/env-en-songs6feb06%2C0%2C4879961.story History of Grammy Awards. (n.d.). Retrieved September 08, 2017, from http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/history-of-grammy-awards-247.html Llopis, G. (2017, February 21). 3 Uncomfortable Truths From The Grammys About Diversity And Inclusion. Retrieved September 08, 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/glennllopis/2017/02/21/3-uncomfortable-truths-from-the-grammys-about-diversity-and-inclusion/#1cba45f939c7 Geslani, M., Kaye, B., Colburn, R., Fu, E., Farley, D., Young, A., . . . Weiss, D. (2017, January 30). Kanye West, Frank Ocean, Drake to protest Grammy Awards over lack of diversity. Retrieved September 09, 2017, from https://consequenceofsound.net/2017/01/kanye-west-frank-ocean-drake-to-protest-grammy-awards-over-lack-of-diversity/ Cepeda, R. (2015, February 05). Do the Grammys Have a Race Problem? Retrieved September 10, 2017, from https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/do-the-grammys-have-a-race-problem-20150205 GRAMMYs 2017: Rihanna & ‘ANTI’ Suffered the Biggest Snubs of the Night. (2017, February 13.). Retrieved September 10, 2017, from http://www.fuse.tv/2017/02/rihanna -anti-grammys-2017-snubs

Movie Review: 3 Idiots

Movie Review: 3 Idiots Last Saturday, we watched an Indian movie entitled â€Å"3 Idiots†. It is my first time to watch an Indian film and I must tell you that it is a great experience. At first, I actually taught that it is a typical comedy movie but I was wrong. There are so many lessons to be learned in the film. The first lesson is we should always follow our passion. Very often, we deceive ourselves by giving in to the demands of the people around us, rather than following what our minds dictate. We go by the set standards of the society and ignore our real passion. We end up becoming average professionals in the field that we enter and on the other hand, the field that happens to be our real passion loses a potential talent. An example given in the movie is a person who has a passion for photography walks into an engineering college and ends up becoming an average engineer, while the fine arts industry loses a good photographer. The second lesson is do not learn to get success, learn for knowledge. When we strive hard to learn and improve our knowledge, we move ahead in life. Never run after success but let it automatically happen to your life. The third lesson is we should enjoy the present. We either lose ourselves in the maze of past success and failures, or worry ourselves sick about the future. We cannot change what has already happened and we cannot predict what happens in future. Instead, we should focus on doing our day to day work with eagerness and excitement, then we end up positively influencing the future. Lastly, we must help others and respect them. Helping others helps you grow mentally and easily associates you. A lasting relationship is created by helping others. In the film, Rancho helps Raju and Farhan in choosing right careers for them and follow their dreams. This creates an everlasting bond between friends, not only friends but with anyone whom we help. You grow as a person and never have to look back in life. This movie is an eye opener to each one of us. I recommend that every student should watch this film, they will not only apply it to their studies but to their everyday life.

Financial Analysis Of A New Project - 1338 Words

Financial analysis of a new project Introduction The following paper analyzes a project from financial perspectives using the capital budgeting techniques like Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Background My dad has a textile business, involved in embroidery and painting of the fabric. I have been visiting my dad’s office complex and observing the whole process of clothes manufacture. The most important asset for the business is a large machine required for whole painting process. The existing machine with the business is in use from past 4 years and has to be discarded due to some operational issues. As a student of finance, I will analyze the option of replacing this machine with a new one. In analyzing various options from where to purchase the machine, I searched for various dealers, and compared the products with the prices they offered. I narrowed down the choice to one machine provided by Stihl Machinery Co., Ltd. But then dad’s financial manager, Mr. David Jones, asked me to reconsider the option. He suggested that the existing machine can still run for another 5 years and the new machine is also expected to work for just five years. Also, the price of the new ma chine is quite high so it is better to continue using the same old machine. On this argument, I decided to do a detailed analysis of the option to replace the old machine. Only after the financial analysis, I will decide and suggest whether to buy the new machine or not. Analysis andShow MoreRelatedSports Direct Financial Situation Analysis and Their New Project Investment in Morocco5386 Words   |  22 PagesPART I: COMPANY ANALYSIS 5 1- Introduction of the company 5 1.1 History: 5 1.2. The industry: 5 1.3. Sports Direct today: 6 2. Analysis on the financing structure of the company 6 2.1. Sports Direct financial statements: 7 2.2. JJB Sports financial statements: 9 2.3. Ratios of Sports Direct and JJB Sports 12 3. 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